Leitura e Interpretação Textual em Língua Inglesa IParáfrase e equivalência de sentidoNível 3
Leia a notícia de divulgação científica a seguir.
Gut bacteria and mood: early evidence
The human gut contains trillions of bacteria, collectively called the gut microbiota. Experiments in mice suggest that these microorganisms may influence brain function: germ-free mice, raised without any bacteria, show altered stress responses compared with normal mice. Some small studies in humans have found that people with depression tend to have a different microbiota composition. However, these studies show associations, not cause and effect, and results in mice might not apply to humans. Researchers say that probiotics should not be seen as a treatment for depression at this stage, and that larger, well-controlled human trials are needed.
(Adapted from a science news article)
Assinale a alternativa que é uma paráfrase fiel do trecho 'these studies show associations, not cause and effect, and results in mice might not apply to humans'.
AThese studies prove that the microbiota causes depression, and mouse results also hold for humans.
BThese studies show that depression causes changes in the microbiota, and the same happens in mice.
CBecause mice and humans are different, these studies have no scientific value at all.
DThese studies only show that two factors occur together, and findings in mice are not necessarily valid for people.✓ correta
EThese studies show cause and effect in humans, but only associations in experiments with mice.
Resposta correta: alternativa D
💡 Explicação
A alternativa D está correta: 'show associations, not cause and effect' equivale a 'only show that two factors occur together', e 'might not apply to humans' equivale a 'are not necessarily valid for people', o que mantém o hedging. A alternativa A troca associação por causalidade e elimina o 'might not'. A alternativa B estabelece uma direção causal que o texto nega ter sido demonstrada. A alternativa C generaliza indevidamente, porque o texto não diz que os estudos não têm valor, e a E inverte o que vale para humanos e para camundongos.Questão enviada por Equipe Canetinha ao banco público do Canetinha.